This report from the United Nations Environmental Programme assesses the state of the environment of the Carpathian Mountains and surrounding region over the past 30 years and up to 2020. It analyzes socio-economic and environmental processes and focuses on sustainable development issues, especially the impact of human and economic activities. Landscape diversity, forest resources, and hazardous chemicals are discussed, followed by three scenarios for the region's future development. The report is based on information supplied by the governments of Carpathian countries (the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, and Ukraine) and individuals and institutions from the region. It is meant for decision and policy makers, governmental authorities, and other agencies.