Cerebral Ischemia and Dementia de Alexander Hartmann

Cerebral Ischemia and Dementia

Alexander Hartmann

Wolfgang Kuschinsky

Siegfried Hoyer

In contrast to dementia of the Alzheimer type, the subject of dementia subsequent to cerebral ischemia has been discussed rather rarely. Now this book provides a summary of the brain morphology, neurochemistry and clinical aspects of dementia subsequent to cerebral ischemia. The contributions discuss the similarities and differences between the two predominant dementia types. The broad range of aspects cover 1) the morphology and morphobiology of brain tissue during aging and under the two pathological condi- tions, 2) the neuropathochemistry of post mortem brain tissue of patients as well as brain tissue from experimental animals, 3) CSF changes during aging and in dementia states and 4) clinical research, mainly using brain imaging tech- niques to differentiate between dementia types and to find a basis for rational therapeutic approaches.

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How Does Cerebrovascular Disease Cause Dementia?.- Epidemiology.- The Epidemiology of Vascular Dementia.- Epidemiology of Vascular Dementia and Stroke in Akita, Japan.- Dementia in Stroke Survivors.- Pathology.- The Anatomical Substrate of Ischemic Vascular Dementia.- Vascular Dementia: The Search for a Correlate.- Incomplete Infarction Is an Important Component in Cerebrovascular Dementia.- Risk Factors.- Molecular Biology of Atherothrombotic Brain Infarction and Its Role in Vascular Dementia.- Cellular Aspects of Atherosclerosis and Approaches to Intervention: A Mechanism to Reduce Stroke and Vascular Dementia Risk.- Inhibition of Atherogenesis In Vivo and In Vitro.- Biochemistry and Pharmacology.- Alzheimer’s Disease: Role of Energy Metabolism and Treatment of Symptoms.- Neurochemical Changes in Brains from Patients with Vascular Dementia.- Subcortical Changes Following Ischaemic and Other Lesions of Cerebral Cortical Structures: Trophic Mechanisms and Neuronal Degeneration.- Experimental.- Selective Vulnerability of the CA1 Sector in the Gerbil After 5 Minutes of Global Ischemia: Relationship to Disturbances in Protein Synthesis and to Motor Hyperactivity.- Energy Metabolism in Cortex and Hippocampus During Aging, Ischemia, and Dementia.- Mechanisms of Glial Swelling from Lactacidosis and High K+-Levels in the Extracellular Compartment.- Potential Mechanisms Underlying Protection Against Cerebral Ischemia by Spontaneous Locomotion in Mongolian Gerbils.- Glutamate: A Role in Both Cerebral Ischaemia and Dementia of the Alzheimer Type.- Sabeluzole Enhances Spontaneous EEG Activity and SSEP, and Accelerates Their Posthypoxic Recovery in Rat.- Experimental.- Linkage Analysis in Italian Pedigrees with Autosomal Dominant Familial Alzheimer’s Disease.- RBC Aggregation Is Not a Primary Factor for Microvascular Stasis on Temporary Complete Ischemia of the Feline Brain.- White Blood Cell Behavior in the Cerebral Microcirculation.- Improved Learning with N-Methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Antagonist After Global Cerebral Ischemia.- Electrophysiological Markers of the Early Stages of Alzheimer’s Disease.- Diagnostics.- Neuropsychology.- Neuropsychological Assessment of Demented Patients.- Multiinfarct and Microinfarct Dementia.- Acute Aphasia.- Computerized Tomography, Magnetic Resonance Tomography.- Cerebral Hemodynamics in Patients with Periventricular White-Matter Lesions on Brain Imaging.- The Relation of Stroke to Leukoaraiosis.- Computed Tomographic Evaluation of the Cervical Carotid Artery.- Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy: A Unique Approach to Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease.- Imaging Techniques and Neuropsychological Testing in Dementia with Severe White Matter Changes.- Stable Xenon Computerized Tomography.- Cerebral Ischemia Correlates Better with Cognitive Impairments in Mild to Moderate Multi-Infarct Dementia than Infarcted Brain Volume.- Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Binswanger’s Disease.- Xenon 133-Cerebrography and SPECT.- Cognitive Utilization of Cerebral Vasomotor Reserve in Cerebrovascular Disease.- Tomographic Measurements of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow by SPECT in Vascular Dementia.- Contribution of HM-PAO-SPECT and 133Xe-rCBF to the Differential Diagnosis of Dementia as Experienced in Clinical Practice.- Intracerebral Reserve Assessment with SPECT: Reactivity to Acetazolamide and Cerebral Blood Volume Measurement.- SPÉCT Brain Imaging in Chronic Stroke and Dementia: A Comparison of 99mTc-ECD and 99mTc-HMPAO.- CSF ?1-Antichymotrypsin and Antitrypsin in Multi-Infarct Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease.- Positron Emission Tomography.- Functional Recovery After Cerebral Ischemia: Studies in the Motor System.- Detection of Structural and Metabolic Changes of the Brain in Normal Aging and Dementia with Modern Imaging Techniques.- Subcortical Lesions and Dementia: The Role of Positron Emission Tomography.- PET Metabolic and Neuropsychological Correlates of Periventricular Lucencies.- Clinical Presentation.- Accuracy of the Antemortem Diagnosis and Neuropathological Features of Multi-Infarct Dementia.- Development and Evaluation of the Maudsley Mentation Scale for Bedside Measurement of Fluctuations in Cognitive Function in Patients with Acute Vascular Lesions: Comparison with the Glasgow Coma Scale.- Acute Confusional States After Stroke: Occurrence, Determinants, and Neuroendocrine Correlates.- The Prognosis of Stroke in the Elderly.- Thalamic Dementia and Pseudodementia.- Therapy.- Positron Emission Tomography in Cerebrovascular Disease: Implications for Therapy?.- A Clinical Trial of Pentoxifylline in Vascular Dementia.- Rheological Therapy of Vascular Dementia: A Rational Basis?.- Monosialoganglioside in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.- GM1 Ganglioside Therapy in Acute Ischemic Stroke.- Communicating Hydrocephalus — Diagnosis and Management.- Assessment of CSF Volume in Normal Subjects and Patients with Dementia Due to Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus.