The book contains a review of literary data on the current world strengthening and protection of public health, the study of their theoretical foundations is an urgent problem in the field of physiological, medical and environmental sciences. It should be noted that numerous data have been accumulated, indicating the deterioration of physical development and declining health indicators of the young population in different regions. Therefore, the study of mechanisms of regulation of morphofunctional indicators of physical development of persons of adolescent age is one of the most relevant areas of fundamental and applied physiology . Also indicators of physical development, along with fertility, morbidity and mortality, is one of the indicators of the level of population health. In this regard, prevention and timely correction of chronic pathological conditions are of scientific and practical importance.