The chronic sequela of spinal cord injury (SCI) affects millions of individuals world-wide. It is estimated that up to 300,000 people, mostly young adults, suffer from SCI in the USA alone. The devastating consequences of SCI include paralysis and paresis, rendering individuals dependent on carers and the health care system to cater to daily living needs. This life-long loss of independence has adverse physiological and psychological effects. Currently, rehabilitation and drug therapy are the only treatments available and have limited success in returning motor function. This book examines current tissue engineering strategies that use scaffolds to facilitate and guide neurite outgrowth after SCI.