China: Its History and Culture

List of Illustrations xi

Foreword by Professor Wing-tsit Chan xiii

Preface to the Fourth Edition xvii

Acknowledgments xix

A Note on Spelling and Pronunciation xxi

Introduction 1

1 The Land and the People of China 5

2 Origins and Early History 11

3 The Formative Period 22

Zhou Dynasty: 1027–221 b.c.

4 Religion and Philosophy 29

5 Unification and Expansion 45

Qin Dynasty: 221–206 b.c.

Han Dynasty: 206 b.c.–a.d. 221

6 Outsiders, Generals, and Eccentrics 71

The Six Dynasties Period: a.d. 222–589

7 The Flowering of Chinese Civilization 81

Sui Dynasty: 589–618

Tang Dynasty: 618–907

8 The Chinese Enter on Their Modern Times 98

Five Dynasties: 907–960, North China

Ten Kingdoms: 907–970, South China

Song Dynasty: 960–1126

Jin Dynasty (Jurchen): 1126–1234, North China

Southern Song Dynasty: 1127–1279, South China

9 The Mongol Interruption 115

Yuan Dynasty: 1280–1368

10 The Restoration and Consolidation of Chinese Rule 123

Ming Dynasty: 1368–1644

11 The Manzhou: Summit and Decline of the Empire 137

Qing Dynasty: 1644–1911

12 The Impact of the West in the Nineteenth and EarlyTwentieth Centuries 148

13 The Republican Revolution 1900–1949 175

14 The Communist Revolution 1949–1965 201

15 The Cultural Revolution and Its Aftermath 1966–1978 215

16 Deng Xiaoping and the Reform Era 1978–1992 227

17 The Party, Greater China, and the Wider World 1993–2003 242

18 A Changing Society 261

Chronology 287

Selected Bibliography 295

Index 299