From September 10 to 13, 2017, the Scientific Society for Theology organized the XVIth European Congress for Theology at the Theological Faculty of the Vienna University. The congress, under the theme Christianity and Europe, dealt with the question which specific self- image Christianity has been given by the European continent and what could be the current and future impact of the Christian faith on European identity. The subthemes of the three days were Christianity in European history, Christianity within European plurality, and Christianity in European knowledge culture. The opening event focused on the theme of religious diversity and participation in Austria, regarded as an immigration country. The volume documents the plenary and session presentations of the congress.