The collapse of communism in Eastern Europe has forced traditionally Eastern Orthodox countries to think through the relationship between Christianity and liberal democracy for the first time in their histories. Post-communist Orthodox political thought has shown a deep ambivalence toward modern Western liberalism, sometimes invoking anti-liberal rhetoric to endorse a new ideological division between the East and the West. At the same time, many Catholic and Protestant theologians in the West began to critically re-examine their own traditions' relationship to political liberalism and its secular foundations. Given this new global situation, ecumenical engagement between Eastern and Western political theologies, which have rarely influenced each other, is especially timely. This volume brings together Orthodox, Catholic, and Protestant thinkers in an ecumenical discussion about Christianity and democracy. The essays trace the present debates to their historical roots in the conversion of Emperor Constantine and the Christianization of the Roman Empire, showing how contemporary Christian political thinking is still haunted by Constantine's shadow. Contributors examine the lingering influence of Constantinianism in both the post-communist Orthodox world and in Western political theology. Constructive theological essays feature Catholic and Protestant theologians reflecting on the relationship between Christianity and democracy in light of the Orthodox situation and in dialogue with the Orthodox tradition, as well as Orthodox theologians reflecting on their own tradition's relationship to liberal democracy in dialogue with the existing Catholic-Orthodox discussion. Together, the essays explore the prospects of a distinctively Christian politics in a post-communist, post-Constantinian age.