This book consists of brilliant reviews and perspectives contributed by experts in the multidisciplinary field of basic science, clinical studies, and treatment options for a broad extent of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases or cancer. The aim of this book is to show that persistent or chronic (unresolved or subclinical) inflammation is an ordinary denominator in the genesis, progression and manifestation of various diseases and/or cancers, especially during the aging process. Considering the elementary basis of shared and interrelated immunological characteristics of unresolved inflammation in initiations and progression of chronic illnesses or cancer are expected to hold real promises, when the designs of cost-effective approaches are contemplated for diagnosis, prevention or treatment of various age-associated diseases such as autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases as well as many cancers.