Cigarette smoking is a well-known public health issue which has a great impact on society, medical insurance, government policy and population health in general. Although we all know that cigarette smoking will damage health and even cause cancers, for certain reasons, the habit of smoking persists in our society. Therefore, while we continue to warn people of the toxic effect of cigarette smoking on health, we need to find out how the damages occur, and how to prevent it or how to minimize the outcome. This book consists of 12 chapters that address different aspects of cigarette consumption and health effects. The content of these chapters should be valuable for policy makers, investigators, and the public by providing a source of information which they may refer to when dealing with cigarette smoking issues.