Alfred Victor, Comte de Vigny (1797-1863) was a French poet and early leader of French Romanticism. He also produced novels, plays, and translations of Shakespeare. He published his first poem Le Bal in 1820 and an ambitious narrative poem loa in 1824. He collected his recent works in January 1826 in Po mes Antiques et Modernes. Three months later he published the first important historical novel in French, Cinq-Mars, based on the life of Louis XIII's favorite Henri Coiffier de Ruz , Marquis of Cinq-Mars, who conspired against the Cardinal de Richelieu. In his later years he spent much time preparing the posthumous collection of poems now known as Les Destin es, for which his intended title was Po mes philosophiques. It concludes with Vigny's final message to the world, L'Esprit pur.