Combating Crime in the Digital Age: A Critical Review of EU Information Systems in the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice in the Post-Interoperability Era. Challenges for Criminal Law and Personal Data Protection provides a systematic and comprehensive account of EU information systems functioning in the area of freedom, security and justice, with the aim to establish the contemporary links between information sharing and criminal law and evaluate the consequences. Part 1 offers a systemisation and critical assessment of pertinent systems (ECRIS, ECRIS-TCN, Prüm, PNR, Europol, SIS, Eurodac, VIS, EES, ETIAS) and the new interoperability regime from the perspective of their objective to prevent and combat serious crime. Part 2 explores personal data protection law, police law and criminal procedure law, in order to propose safeguards and limitations for regulating this rapidly evolving framework and addressing the challenges for fundamental principles and rights. The authors’ central suggestion is that the issue falls within the context of an emerging precognitive paradigm of criminal law.