Comparative Physiology de K. Schmidt-Nielsen

Comparative Physiology: Water, Ions and Fluid Mechanics

K. Schmidt-Nielsen

L. Bolis

S. H. P. Maddrell

This 1978 volume contains papers from contributors to the Third International Conference on Comparative physiology. The Conference selected particular areas for examination. In the first section of this volume the problems of how animals can take up water vapour from the atmosphere are considered as well as advances in studies of how water movements across epithelia are generated by solute movements. The second section deals with how a wide variety of animals, both invertebrate and vertebrate, living under stress in ionically unbalanced environments cope with the unusual difficulties of ionic regulation. In the final section biologists and physicists examine the role of fluid mechanics in biology. Both the theoretical basis of the hydrodynamics and aerodynamics and the biological investigations on the variety of fluid flows encountered inside and around organisms are presented.

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Contributors; Preface; Part I. Water Transport and Uptake; Section 1. Mechanisms of Epithelial Fluid Transport: 1. Intracellular gradients in electrical potential and ion activity in absorptive epithelia T. Zeuthen; 2. Fluid transport by corneal endothelium Jorge Fischbard; 3. Fluid transport across Nectrus gallbladder epithelium A. E. Hill; 4. Observations on the action of ureal and other substances in opening the paracellular pathway in amphibian skins E. González, T. Kirchausen, H. Linares and G. Whittembury; Section 2. Uptake of Water Vapour by Arthopods: 5. Absorption of water vapour by Thermobia domestica and other insects J. Noble-Nesbitt; 6. Water vapour uptake by Tenebrio: a new approach to studying the phenomenon John Machin; 7. Uptake of water vapour by mites and mechanisms utilized by the Acareidei G. W. Wharton; 8. Uptake of water vapour from the air: process, site and mechanism in ticks Dieter Rudolph and Willi Knülle; 9. The site of water vapour absorption in Arenivaga investigata M. J. O'Donnell; Part II. Osmotic and Ionic Regulation in Unbalanced Environments; Section 1. Non-Vertebrates: 10. Some strategies of osmoregulation and ion transport in microorganisms D. J. Ellar; 11. Mechanisms of ionic and osmotic regulation in saline-water mosquito larvae John E. Phillips, T. J. Bradley and S. H. P. Madrell; 12. Inhibition of magnesium secretion in the prawn Palaemon serratus by ethacrynic acid and by ligature of the eyestalks S. E. Franklin, B. Teinsongrusmee and A. P. M. Lockwood; Section 2. Vertebrates: 13. Electrolyte transport across the bird coprodeum: role in osmoregulation Erik Skadhauge; 14. Salt glands in marine birds: what triggers secretion and what makes them grow M. Peaker; 15. Aspects of adaptation of fish to high external alkalinity: comparison of Tilapia grahami and T. mossambica J. Maetz and G. De Renzis; 16. Osmoregulation in Tilapia grahami: a fish in extreme alkalinity G. M. O Maloiy, G. Likkeboe, K. Johansen and O. S. Bamford; 17. The internal environment of marine fish Ragnar Fänge; 18. Control of catecholamine release from chromaffin tissue in teleost fish T. Abrahamsson and S. Nilsson; Part III. Fluid Mechanisms in Biology: 19. Fluid propulsion by cilia and flagella M. A. Sleigh; 20. Fluid skeletons in aquatic and terrestrial animals H. D. Jones; 21. The fluid mechanics of circulatory systems T. J. Pedley; 22. Convective flows in mammalian lungs R. C. Schroter; 23. The aerodynamics of normal hovering flight: three approaches C. P. Ellington; Index.