A programming language is a formal language which is made up of a set of instructions to derive different kinds of output. Algorithms are implemented in computer programming using programming languages. A programming language is often described as comprising of two components, namely syntax and semantics. The form is specified by the syntax while semantics deals with the meaning of the programming language. Semantics is further subdivided into static semantics and dynamic semantics. The way in which a programming language classifies expressions and values into types is defined using a type system. A programming language has a finite and precise definition and thus can be described in its entirety. They are generally developed by using a higher level of abstraction in order to increase the problem solving capability. The various sub-fields of programming languages along with technological progress that have future implications are glanced at in this book. It presents this complex subject in the most comprehensible and easy to understand language. This textbook will serve as a valuable source of reference for graduate and post graduate students.