This book engages contemporary research in the neurobiology of consciousness, specifically the Integrated Information Theory (IIT), and its implications for social science and International Relations research—- in particular questions on the emergent nature of social and political systems. The book thus acts as an introduction to IIT for social theorists, including IR theorists, while also suggesting what it means for social theory more broadly and IR theory in particular. It is intended to be accessible to non-specialists and professional social scientists alike. The idea is to put forward a bold set of ideas that engage longstanding and contemporary debates in a format that is useful to scholars while remaining clear and cogent enough for the novice.The author’s intention is to balance the scholarly in an accessible way primarily by making a few focused scholarly points elaborated with minimal esoteric language and relying on endnotes.