Case Studies in Education is a new series of key papers focusing on innovations and challenges in education. Each case study presents and analyses a pertinent educational issue in a timely and brief manner. The series marks an important contribution to educational advancement of benefit to countries, agencies and organisations within the Commonwealth and beyond. The overall purpose of these selected case studies is to assess the impact of HIV/AIDS on education and the various mechanisms set up to address the challenge of the epidemic. It arises from the distinctive need to understand the complex social phenomena in the spread and response to the HIV/AIDS pandemic. The case study districts selected in these two countries are among the areas with the highest HIV/AIDS infections. The analysis of existing AIDS programmes and their effectiveness has been undertaken at both district and national level. This book clearly demonstrates how HIV/AIDS is affecting pupils, teachers, parents, the curriculum and resources. It will be an invaluable source of reference for ministries of education and other decision makers in monitoring their own anti-HIV/AIDS programmes.