Because of their anchorage in the economic sector, industrial property rights constantly arouse passions. If the holders of exclusive rights on these intangible goods benefit from competitive advantages over their competitors, the recognition of the monopoly of exploitation does not protect the holders from acts of spoliation by third parties. Faced with conflicting interests, the revised Bangui Agreement establishes the necessary response mechanisms to protect the interests of the holder of the violated rights. It is the civil and criminal liability of the infringer that makes it possible to understand the extent of this protection when it is implemented.