Having a deontological thrust in common, most torts scholars can be divided into three groups: (1) those who believe the purpose of the tort law is to reduce the combined costs of precautions, accidents, and litigation; (2) those who believe the purpose of moral enterprise is to achieve some form of corrective justice between plaintiff and defendant; and (3) those who mix these two approaches. Written by a medical doctor with a law degree, this book has two sections. The first presents updated knowledge of parathyroids, covering the calcium-phosphorus homeostasis, clinical manifestation and differential diagnostics of the hereditary and acquired diseases, imaging techniques and their specificity, surgical methods and post-surgical care, and review questions. The second section presents legal tools that regulate the negligent surgical and non-surgical treatment of parathyroids, followed by analysis of nine parathyroid cases held in the U.S. Supreme and Appellate Courts. Ending with a summary of findings, it also contains review questions and answers.