Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is a frequent pathology that ranks among the three most common food allergies in children and involves IgE-mediated, non-IgE-mediated or mixed immunological mechanisms. These mechanisms are at the origin of various clinical manifestations. Its treatment is based on the avoidance of cow's milk proteins. The disease is cured in 60 to 70% of cases by the age of two years. The acquisition of tolerance to VMP is sought by the oral reintroduction of cow's milk test (OPT). The clinical signs of CMPA are not specific. In delayed forms, the clinical signs are dominated by digestive signs. The VLP avoidance regimen is essentially based on breastfeeding and cow's milk protein hydrolysates, the cost of which remains high. Primary prevention of VLP is based on exclusive breastfeeding for the first 4-6 months, without the mother following a specific diet.