This book raises several questions about the penal status of former heads of state under Congolese law. Mainly: can a former President of the Republic answer for his actions, that is to say his criminal liability can be triggered? Do immunities not promote impunity? The constitution and law n ° 18/021 of July 26, 2018 on the status of former elected presidents of the republic and fixing the advantages granted to former heads of constituted bodies, a duo or a duel? How is the said law incidental to the criminal responsibility of a former head of state? In the alternative: what is the competent judge for a former Head of State in Congolese positive law? What procedure for his indictment? What is the criminal status of a former Head of State in Congolese positive law? This book provides answers to these questions.