Among the abilities that enable human beings to form themselves integrally are their understanding of reality and their adaptation to this reality in order to transform it; but for these actions to be carried out, the application of cognitive processes is necessary. In this context, the aim of this study was to establish critical reading as a mechanism that enables B2 students to develop their intellectual abilities and at the same time enrich their communicative competence. The instruments used for data collection included direct and participant observation, interviews, questionnaires, tests, notes and workshops. The information was analysed using the inductive technique, with the following results: the cognitive processes most involved in critical reading, the means or strategies used by students to arrive at an in-depth analysis of the text and the benefits of reading directed towards critical thinking.