This book introduces the concept of cropping system research in a comprehensive manner. The importance of cropping system research in Indian agriculture in general and the status of it in Andhra Pradesh (A.P) was discussed. The different perspectives with which different faculties of researchers in Agriculture viz., Agronomists, Soil scientists, Agricultural Economists and Extension scientists would perceive the cropping system research was presented in the form of various methodologies used in analyzing the cropping systems mostly in A.P. For the convenience of the readers the cropping system research was suitably divided into Agronomic, experimental and economic analyses. Agro climate wise predominant cropping and farming systems existing in A.P was provided as a back ground material in addition to the district wise socio - economic aspects and the sub sector wise overall progress in the Introductory chapter. In this process it was attempted to present the cropping system research in a holistic manner with special reference to A.P. This book can serve as a reference to the Researchers, Academicians and students who are interested in cropping system research.