Mathematics is an exact science related to measurements, calculations and determining relationships. It is a subject of great educational value and plays an important role in the lives of humans. It has numerous real-world uses and is required at every period of life. The study of mathematics disciplines the mind and develops reasoning power. It has great occupational and aesthetic value. Mathematics teaches economy in matters of time, money, speech and thought, and requires unique thinking. Many factors should be considered when teaching mathematics, such as the individual differences of the students, goals and purposes, selection of teaching methodology, etc. This book is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts and current trends in teaching mathematics. It discusses the fundamentals as well as modern approaches of this field. This book attempts to assist those with a goal of teaching mathematics.