In his 1934 essay "The Author as Producer" Walter Benjamin insists that the author must write with a political tendency in order to take a stand against an impending political collapse of government, referring to the rise of Nazi Germany and its threat to the rights of individual citizens. Some writers in the United States, recognizing that the American people were adversely affected by politics on the local and federal level, they advocated equal rights and social justice for all Americans. In turn, these texts were regarded as radical and closely linked to radical leftist politics. Initially, they were granted no place in the literary canon on the premise that textual radicalism goes hand in hand with poor writing; only recently have they found a place in a newly created sub-canon. Contemporary critics argued that socio-economic issues depicted in these texts did not conform to the conventional standards of aesthetic and economic values, heavily emphasizing a link between the radical text in the United States and the rise and fall of the communist movement elsewhere in the world, thereby successfully marginalizing certain authors and their texts.