In the economic literature, studies of the link between population and economic growth often overlook the effects of age structure on economic performance. Knowledge of the size, structure and dynamics of the population at any given moment allows for good planning and targeted investments to boost growth and improve the living conditions of the population. The delay in the development of WAEMU countries is attributed by several studies to the particularity of its demographic dynamics. The objective of this research is to analyze the effect of the demographic dividend through the analytical model developed by Bloom, Canning and Malaney (2000) and Bloom et al. (2010), focusing on demographic dynamics on economic growth in WAEMU countries.