Under German Copyright Law the author is free to decide wether to join a collecting society or not. If he does so he has to accept the consequences of 11 I Urhberrechtswahrnehmungsgesetz: The collecting society is obliged to grant a license to every user who is willing to pay the license fee. The author himself doesnt have an obligation to contract. But if he chooses to join a collecting society 11 I Urheberrechtswahrnehmungsgesetz has an indirect impact on the authors rights. He loses control over the decision who may use his works and who doesnt. The work in hand discusses if the obligation to contract in 11 I Urheberrechtswahrnehmungsgesetz really applies to every single case like the wording of the rule suggests or if there is a need to allow exceptions under certain conditions.