This volume focusses on critical discussions over the history of the University of Vienna in the 19th and 20th century. In addition to Nobel Prize winner Eric Kandel, who writes about the contacts between Jews and Christians in Vienna at the turn of the century, contributions by other eminent National Socialism researchers are included, for instance by the German historian Götz Aly. The contributions range from research on violence and antisemitism at the University of Vienna after the Badeni crisis in 1897, to the situation of Jewish scientists at the University of Vienna from the German Empire to the post-1945 era, and the role of individual faculties such as the Faculty of Law and the Faculty of Philosophy and Cultural Studies.