This book presents a broad overview on the current various design modules and applications of artificial neural systems. Artificial neural networks are often dubbed as one of the most acknowledged technologies in the past twenty years. It has been broadly applied in a wide diversity of applications. The aim of this book is to present current developments of architectures, methodologies, and usage of artificial neural networks. The topics in this book majorly deal with two important aspects: the architecture aspect involving dealing with architectures, design, optimization, and the analysis of artificial neural networks; and the application aspect dealing with applications of artificial neural networks in a broad spectrum of areas comprising of biomedical, industrial, physics, and financial applications. This book will be an important source of reference for graduate students and engineers in various organizations.