Detective Fiction on the Case of Community uses one of the most popular forms of modern literature to examine one of modernity’s most trenchant problems. The project rests on the argument that detective fiction emerges specifically from an awareness of the stress that modernization puts on the possibilities of communal life, as industrialization and urbanism accelerate the alienation and atomization we recognize as modern conditions. Here the detective appears as an image of thinking still able to perceive the threads that link such alienated people together, and therefore able to imagine solutions along the lines of these obscured connections. Reading the genre’s journey, from its origins in Poe to its most unorthodox form in Pynchon, allows fresh perspectives on the possibilities and limits of modern community, from its endurance as part of modernization to its meaning today as a sticking point in theoretical debate and political activism.