The issues analysed in this book explore a range of questions that impact upon the sustainability of rural and regional education. These questions include: How can students from homes where neither parent has received post-school education be encouraged to undertake higher education? How can the collective needs of some children, for example, Indigenous students be met? Is competition beneficial for attracting all types of learners? How does one re-distribute resources to those who are in most need? How do we reward the more effective academics and teachers who impact on learning? How do we measure this impact? How do we keep the most talented and motivated people in the teaching process? How does assessment become an on-going developmental process that invigorates and stimulates interest and understanding? This edited book is divided into three sections: university education (three chapters), school education (four chapters) and Indigenous education (three chapters).