Recently new technologies in the field of medical have been developed to process data, information and communication. To fulfill these requirements a system should work efficiently with new technology. The complicated images obtained from the different parts of human body will be processed using digital Image Processing (DIP) technique. Image processing can be defined as the manipulation of an image for the purpose of either extracting information from the image or producing an alternative representation of the image. DIP is technique which is useful for doctors and researchers to process analyze the medical images. Image processing, analysis and computer vision techniques are increasing their importance in all fields of medical science. These techniques are more useful to modern ophthalmology.The image processing techniques described in the book include Threshold Techniques for preprocessing fundus images, Canny edge detection & Sobel edge Detection filters for edge detection, Laplacian filters,Median filters, Image range filter, Filtering, Gabor filtering for the detection of lines and circles, Image segmentation and Otsu's Method for to to detect the blood vessels.