This study was conducted in Bas Coursin II, 2nd communal section of Petite Rivière de l'Artibonite. The objective was to understand the strategy put in place by farmers to ensure the fertility of their soils. To carry out this study, a three-step methodological approach was adopted. A bibliographic research that allowed us to better understand the subject; surveys related to the definition of variables and indicators for the analysis of the main elements on fertilization in the area; analysis, processing and presentation of the results obtained. The results of the study show that the average area farmed by farmers is 0.699 ha, and rice cultivation occupies 80% of the area farmed. Farmers in Bas Coursin II use chemical fertilizer to ensure the fertility of their soil, especially in the establishment of rice plots. Timely availability of fertilizer is a major problem for farmers in setting up rice fields. About 75 percent of fertilizer is used for rice, 15 percent for vegetable crops, and 5 percent for beans.