From a religious-historical perspective this work investigates the message and theology of the so-called Book of the Watchers (1 Enoch 1-36) as a separate book of early Judaism of the third century BC. Starting with the literary profile of the text, the study goes on to illuminate its importance in the context of the Ptolemaic supremacy over Palestine. From this perspective the Book of the Watchers appears as a powerful appeal addressed to a broad Jewish audience to recognize the relevance of its religion and of the traditional way of life.