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Disaster Response and Recovery – Strategies and Tatics for Resilience, Third Edition de DA McEntire

Disaster Response and Recovery – Strategies and Tatics for Resilience, Third Edition

Autor DA McEntire
en Limba Engleză Paperback – 6 ian 2022
DISASTER RESPONSE AND RECOVERY The new edition of the standard textbook in the field, updated with new studies and practical guidelines for reacting to the complexities of today's disasters
Disaster Response and Recovery: Strategies and Tactics for Resilience provides a thorough overview of the challenges and functions of the emergency management profession, covering the various types of disasters, theoretical frameworks, the different individuals and agencies involved, technological tools, practical response measures, and more. Written by a recognized leader in the field, this comprehensive textbook offers clear guidance on developing disaster resilience through preparedness, planning, improvisation, leadership, and professionalism.
Revised and updated throughout, the third edition addresses key response and recovery operations of the COVID-19 pandemic, including human attitudes, political issues, communication challenges, medical surges, and volunteer management. New examples and case studies also highlight lessons learned from Hurricane Irma, the California wildfires, brush fires in Australia, the Midwest derecho windstorm, the Beirut explosion, the Las Vegas shooting, riots and civil unrest in the United States, and other recent disasters. In addition, the book:
  • Describes tools and techniques required to protect lives, reduce property damage, and minimize disruption
  • Features new coverage of climate change, social media, drones and artificial intelligence, racial and social justice, recent legislation and regulations, and emergency management policies and procedures
  • Discusses theoretical approaches to the management of disasters, strategies to revitalize affected communities, and mitigation methods to reduce future vulnerability
  • Contains learning objectives, key term definitions, case studies, real-world examples, summary and review questions, and evaluation tools
  • Includes access to a companion website with an instructor's manual, a sample syllabus, chapter tests, PowerPoint slides, exam questions, and additional teaching resources
Integrating the theory and practice of emergency management, public administration, policy, and sociology, Disaster Response and Recovery: Strategies and Tactics for Resilience, Third Edition is an invaluable resource for advanced students in emergency management programs as well as emergency planners, emergency management coordinators, risk managers, and other practitioners in the field.
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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9781119810032
ISBN-10: 1119810035
Pagini: 592
Dimensiuni: 178 x 254 x 31 mm
Greutate: 1.2 kg
Ediția:3rd Edition
Editura: Wiley
Locul publicării:Hoboken, United States

Cuprins

About the Author xvii Foreword xix Preface xxi Acknowledgments xxv About the Companion Website xxvi 1 Knowing What to Expect: Hazards, Vulnerability, and Disasters 1 Introduction 2 1.1 The Occurrence of Disasters 2 1.1.1 Important Concepts 2 1.1.2 Preview of Disaster Response and Recovery 6 1.2 Types of Hazards 7 1.2.1 Natural Hazards 7 1.2.2 Atmospheric Hazards 8 1.2.3 Hydrologic Hazards 15 1.2.4 Geologic Hazards 16 1.2.5 Seismic and Volcanic Hazards 18 1.2.6 Wildfire Hazards 20 1.2.7 Biological Hazards 21 1.3 Technological Hazards 24 1.3.1 Industrial Hazards 24 1.3.2 Environmental Hazards 25 1.3.3 Nuclear Hazards 27 1.3.4 Structural Fire Hazards 28 1.3.5 Structural Collapse Hazards 28 1.3.6 Transportation Hazards 30 1.4 Civil/Conflict Hazards 32 1.4.1 Panic Flight 33 1.4.2 Riots 33 1.4.3 Mass Shootings 35 1.4.4 Terrorism 36 1.4.5 War 38 1.5 The Complexity of Disasters 38 1.5.1 The Impact of Disasters 40 1.5.2 Changes Associated with Disasters 41 1.5.3 The Need for Response and Recovery Operations 42 Summary 44 Key Terms 44 Assess Your Understanding 47 Summary Questions 47 Review Questions 49 Applying This Chapter 49 You Try It 50 References 51 2 Understanding the Actors: Roles and Responsibilities of Relevant Stakeholders 53 Introduction 53 2.1 The Public Sector 54 2.1.1 Local Government 55 2.1.2 County and Regional Governments 58 2.1.3 State Government 59 2.1.4 Federal Government 61 2.1.5 Tribal Government 66 2.2 The Private Sector 67 2.2.1 Business Continuity, Disaster Recovery and Risk Management 68 2.2.2 Transportation 68 2.2.3 Sheltering and Housing 69 2.2.4 Emergency and Long-Term Medical Care 69 2.2.5 Media Reporting 70 2.2.6 Volunteers and Donations 70 2.2.7 Insurance Provision and Claim Settlement 70 2.2.8 Utility Restoration and Community Reconstruction 71 2.2.9 Vending of Goods and Services 72 2.3 The Non-profit Sector 73 2.3.1 The Red Cross 73 2.3.2 Faith-Based Organizations 75 2.3.3 Community Groups 75 2.4 Emergent Groups 78 2.5 Working with All Partners and the Whole Community 79 Summary 83 Key Terms 83 Assess Your Understanding 85 Summary Questions 85 Review Questions 87 Applying This Chapter 88 You Try It 88 References 89 3 Anticipating Attitudes and Behavior in Disasters: Myths, Exaggerations, and Realities 93 Introduction 93 3.1 General Disaster Attitudes and the Case of Covid-19 94 3.2 The Impact of Hollywood and the Media 97 3.2.1 Hollywood's Portrayal of Disasters 97 3.2.2 The Media's Role in Perpetuating Misconceptions 97 3.3 Research on Myths 99 3.4 Evidence of Exaggeration 103 3.5 Realities about Response and Recovery 108 3.6 The Importance of Understanding Behavior Correctly 113 Summary 116 Key Terms 116 Assess Your Understanding 116 Summary Questions 117 Review Questions 118 Applying This Chapter 119 You Try It 120 References 120 4 Applying Alternative Management Approaches: Disaster Response and Recovery Theory 123 Introduction 123 4.1 The Traditional Model 124 4.1.1 Features of the Traditional Model 126 4.1.2 Strengths of Traditional Model 129 4.1.3 Drawbacks of the Traditional Model 131 4.2 The Professional Model 133 4.2.1 Characteristics of the Professional Model 135 4.2.2 Benefits of the Professional Model 136 4.2.3 Weaknesses of Professional Model 138 4.3 Comparison of the Models 139 Summary 141 Key Terms 141 Assess Your Understanding 142 Summary Questions 142 Review Questions 143 Applying This Chapter 144 You Try It 145 References 145 5 Implementing Initial Response Measures: Hazard Detection, Warning, Evacuation and Sheltering 149 Introduction 149 5.1 Hazard Detection 150 5.1.1 Initial Steps 153 5.1.1.1 Seeking Additional Information 153 5.1.1.2 Notifying and Communicating with Others 154 5.1.1.3 Implementing the Emergency Operations Plan 154 5.1.1.4 Activating the EOC 155 5.2 Issuing Warnings 157 5.2.1 Types of Warning Systems 160 5.2.1.1 Sirens 160 5.2.1.2 Media 161 5.2.1.3 Emergency Alert System 161 5.2.1.4 Reverse 911 161 5.2.1.5 Intercoms, Teletype Writers and Strobe Lights 162 5.2.1.6 Loud-Speakers, Door-to- Door Notification and Weather Radios 162 5.2.1.7 Cell Phones/Smart Phones/Texting 163 5.2.1.8 Social Media 163 5.2.2 Warning Considerations 163 5.3 Evacuation 166 5.3.1 Means of Evacuation 166 5.3.2 Evacuation Behavior 168 5.3.2.1 Reasons Why People Do Not Evacuate 168 5.3.3 Evacuation Considerations 170 5.3.4 Evacuation Procedures 172 5.4 Sheltering 173 5.4.1 Sheltering Types 175 5.4.2 Shelter Use and Characteristics 176 5.4.3 Working with Others to Establish and Manage Shelters 177 Summary 181 Key Terms 181 Assess Your Understanding 182 Summary Questions 182 Review Questions 185 Applying This Chapter 186 You Try It 187 References 187 6 Caring For the Injured, Dead, and Distraught: Overcoming Physical and Emotional Impacts 191 Introduction 191 6.1 Search and Rescue Operations 192 6.1.1 Types of SAR 192 6.1.2 Human Behavior during SAR Operations 193 6.1.3 Issues to Consider When Carrying Out SAR 194 6.1.3.1 Resources Required for SAR 195 6.1.3.2 Situational Awareness in the SAR Function 195 6.1.3.3 Rescuer Needs during SAR Operations 196 6.1.3.4 SAR and Immediate On-Site Emergency Care 196 6.1.3.5 SAR and Limited Time 197 6.1.4 Federal USAR Teams 197 6.1.5 Conducting SAR Operations 200 6.2 Emergency Medical Care, Triage and DMATs 202 6.2.1 Treating the Injured 203 6.2.2 Triage 207 6.2.2.1 The Ethics of Triage 208 6.2.3 Disaster Medical Assistance Teams 209 6.3 Mass Fatality Management 211 6.3.1 Mass Fatality Incidents and Their Challenges 212 6.3.2 Responding to Mass Fatality Incidents 214 6.3.3 Disaster Mortuary Operational Response Teams 216 6.4 Stress Management 218 6.4.1 Vulnerability to PTSD/CIS 220 6.4.2 Common Signs of PTSD/CIS 221 6.4.3 Overcoming PTSD/CIS 221 6.4.4 The Merit of Defusings and Debriefings 224 Summary 226 Key Terms 226 Assess Your Understanding 227 Summary Questions 227 Review Questions 230 Applying This Chapter 231 You Try It 231 References 232 7 Managing Public Information, Donations, and Volunteers: Expected Difficulties and Benefits 237 Introduction 237 7.1 The Media and Social Media in Disasters 238 7.1.1 Types of Media and Their Behavior 238 7.1.2 Challenges Associated with the Media 241 7.1.3 Strategies for Working with the Media 243 7.1.4 Social Media and Disasters 245 7.2 Dealing with Donations 249 7.2.1 Challenges Resulting from Donations 251 7.2.1.1 Hurricane Andrew 252 7.2.1.2 Oklahoma City Bombing 253 7.2.1.3 9/11 Terrorist Attacks 255 7.2.2 Recommendations for Donations Management 257 7.3 Volunteer Management 259 7.3.1 Difficulties Associated with Volunteers 262 7.3.2 Strategies for Volunteer Management 263 7.3.2.1 Rely on the Expertise of Nonprofit Organizations and Others 265 7.3.2.2 Register and Care for Volunteers 265 7.3.2.3 Match Their Skills with Disaster Needs 265 7.3.2.4 Evaluate Your Progress 266 7.3.3 The Value of Effective Volunteer Management 266 Summary 268 Key Terms 268 Assess Your Understanding 269 Summary Questions 269 Review Questions 271 Applying This Chapter 272 You Try It 272 References 273 8 Moving Beyond Immediate Needs: Damage Assessment, Disaster Declarations, and Debris Removal 277 Introduction 278 8.1 Assessing Damages 278 8.1.1 Types of Damage Assessment 279 8.1.2 Methods of Conducting Damage Assessment 281 8.2 Challenges in Damage Assessment 283 8.2.1 Accuracy 283 8.2.2 Working with Others 284 8.2.3 Access and Safety 285 8.3 Damage Assessment Procedures 286 8.3.1 Pre-assessment Activities 286 8.3.2 Assessment Considerations 287 8.4 Disaster Declarations 289 8.4.1 Difficulties Associated with the Process 290 8.4.2 Factors Determining Declarations 292 8.4.3 Other Unique Declaration Requirements 293 8.5 Debris Produced by Disasters 295 8.5.1 Types of Debris 295 8.5.2 Debris Management Challenges 298 8.6 Dealing with Debris Effectively 300 8.6.1 Storage Locations, the Environment and Public Information 302 8.6.2 EPA Recommendations for Improving Debris Management 303 8.7 Regulations and Other Considerations 304 8.7.1 Reducing Expenses 305 8.7.2 Preventing Fraud 305 Summary 306 Key Terms 306 Assess Your Understanding 308 Summary Questions 308 Review Questions 311 Applying This Chapter 312 You Try It 312 References 313 9 Promoting Recovery and Mitigation: Disaster Assistance, Rebuilding, and Vulnerability Reduction 317 Introduction 317 9.1 Disaster Impacts and Disaster Assistance 318 9.2 Types of IA 321 9.2.1 Loans and Grants 321 9.2.2 Services 323 9.2.3 Benefits 323 9.3 Facilitating IA 324 9.3.1 National Processing Service Center (NPSC) 324 9.3.2 Disaster Recovery Center (DRC) 325 9.4 Categories of PA 329 9.4.1 Emergency Assistance 329 9.4.1.1 Debris Removal 330 9.4.1.2 Protective Measures 330 9.4.2 Permanent Assistance 330 9.4.2.1 Road Systems 330 9.4.2.2 Water Control 330 9.4.2.3 Public Buildings/Equipment 330 9.4.2.4 Public Utility 330 9.4.2.5 Other Assistance 331 9.5 Accessing PA 331 9.6 Important Issues for Recovery 334 9.6.1 Minimizing Fraud 334 9.6.2 Protecting the Environment 335 9.6.3 Preserving Historic Buildings 336 9.6.4 Mitigating Future Disasters 337 9.6.4.1 Relocate to a New Site 338 9.6.4.2 Intraurban Relocation 339 9.6.4.3 Rebuild in the Same Area 339 9.7 The Potential for Disagreement 342 9.8 Pressing for Change 344 9.8.1 Lessons from the Loma Prieta Earthquake 345 Summary 347 Key Terms 347 Assessing Your Understanding 349 Summary Questions 349 Review Questions 352 Applying This Chapter 352 You Try It 353 References 353 10 Overcoming Typical Challenges: Vital Considerations for Response and Recovery 357 Introduction 358 10.1 Communication and Coordination 358 10.1.1 Communication and Coordination Barriers 359 10.1.2 Enhancing Communication 360 10.1.3 Improving Coordination 362 10.2 Decision Making and Disasters 363 10.2.1 Overcoming Decision Errors 367 10.3 Transportation Issues and Logistics 369 10.3.1 Dealing with Transportation and Logistics Problems 370 10.4 Vulnerable/Special Populations 372 10.4.1 Gender 374 10.4.2 Racial and Ethnic Groups 375 10.4.3 The Poor 377 10.4.4 Tourists 377 10.4.5 The Elderly 378 10.4.6 Children 378 10.4.7 The Disabled 378 10.4.8 Other Special Needs Groups 379 10.4.9 Meeting the Needs of Vulnerable/Special Populations 380 10.5 Politics and Disasters 382 10.5.1 Overcoming Political Problems 384 10.6 Legal Concerns 385 10.6.1 Disasters and Law 386 10.6.2 Constitutional Rights 387 10.6.3 Negligence 388 10.6.4 Minimizing Liability 389 10.7 Record Keeping and Disasters 390 10.7.1 Record Keeping Problems 390 10.7.2 Keeping Accurate Records 391 Summary 392 Key Terms 393 Assess Your Understanding 394 Summary Questions 394 Review Questions 398 Applying This Chapter 399 You Try It 400 References 401 11 Harnessing Technology and Organization: Tools and Structures for Effective Operations 407 Introduction 408 11.1 The Importance of Technology 408 11.2 Communication Equipment and Interoperability 410 11.2.1 Trunked Radio Systems 410 11.2.2 The Internet 411 11.2.3 Voice over Internet Protocol and Other Equipment 412 11.2.4 ACU-1000 412 11.2.5 Video Conferencing 413 11.2.6 Interoperability 413 11.3 Decision Support Systems (DSSs) 414 11.4 Geographic Information System 416 11.5 Managing Disasters at the Local Level 418 11.5.1 The Incident Command System 418 11.5.2 Incident Command Structure and Principles 419 11.5.3 Pros and Cons of ICS 422 11.5.4 The Emergency Operations Center 424 11.5.5 Characteristics of an EOC 424 11.5.6 Challenges Facing EOCs 426 11.5.7 Using EOCs 427 11.5.8 A Comparison of ICS and EOCs 427 11.5.9 Memorandums of Understanding and Mutual Aid Agreements 428 11.6 Managing Disasters at the State Level 429 11.6.1 Standardized Emergency Management System 429 11.6.2 Emergency Management Assistance Compact 430 11.7 Managing Disasters on a Federal Level 432 11.7.1 The National Incident Management System 433 11.7.2 Goals of NIMS 434 11.7.3 Principles of NIMS 435 11.7.4 Strengths and Weaknesses of NIMS 436 11.7.5 The National Response Framework 437 11.7.6 Emergency Support Functions in the NRF 438 11.7.7 The National Disaster Recovery Framework 440 11.7.8 Recovery Support Functions in the NDRF 442 Summary 443 Key Terms 443 Assessing Your Understanding 445 Summary Questions 445 Review Questions 449 Applying This Chapter 450 You Try It 450 References 451 12 Foreseeing the Future: Prior Lessons, Unaddressed Risks, and Rising Vulnerability 455 Introduction 456 12.1 Disasters on the Rise 456 12.2 Understanding Natural Disasters 459 12.2.1 Responding to a Natural Disaster 461 12.3 Understanding Technological Disasters 466 12.3.1 Responding to HazMat Incidents 467 12.4 Understanding Acts of Violence 469 12.4.1 Responding to Acts of Violence 471 12.5 Understanding Terrorism 474 12.5.1 Responding to Terrorist Disasters 475 12.5.2 Protecting First Responders 477 12.5.3 Protecting Evidence 478 12.5.4 Relying on Other Organizations 479 12.6 Unfolding and Unrecognized Hazards 481 12.6.1 Environmental Degradation, Global Warning, and Climate Change 481 12.6.2 Pole Reversals 485 12.6.3 Asteroid Strikes 486 12.6.4 Biological and Public Health Threats 488 12.6.5 Information/Computer Technology Hazards 494 12.6.6 Responding to Information/Computer Technology Disasters 496 12.7 Increased Vulnerability 497 12.7.1 Persistent Poverty 497 12.7.2 Growing Population and Urbanization 498 12.7.3 The Benefit and Challenge of Diversity 498 12.7.4 Further Industrialization 499 12.7.5 Internationalization 500 12.7.6 Improper Land Use and Construction 500 12.7.7 Weak Emergency Management Institutions 501 12.7.8 Other Factors 502 Summary 504 Key Terms 504 Assess Your Understanding 506 Summary Questions 506 Review Questions 511 Applying This Chapter 511 You Try It 512 References 513 13 Enhancing Disaster Resilience: Preparedness, Improvisation, Spontaneous Planning, Leadership, and Professionalism 517 Introduction 518 13.1 Reducing Vulnerability and Preparing Your Community 518 13.1.1 Establishing an Ordinance 519 13.1.2 Creating a Preparedness Council 520 13.2 Acquiring Resources 522 13.2.1 Resource Lists 522 13.2.2 Annual Budgets 522 13.2.3 Grants 523 13.2.4 Applying for and Managing Grants 524 13.3 Designing and Establishing an EOC 525 13.4 Hazard and Vulnerability Assessment 527 13.5 Writing an EOP 528 13.6 First Responder and Organizational Training 530 13.7 Disaster Exercises 531 13.7.1 Types of Exercises 531 13.7.2 Managing Exercises 532 13.7.3 Exercise Participants and Other Considerations 533 13.8 Public Education 534 13.9 Improvisation, Creativity, Flexibility and Spontaneous Planning 536 13.10 Leadership and Professionalism 542 13.10.1 Becoming a Professional Emergency Manager 543 Summary 546 Key Terms 546 Assess Your Understanding 547 Summary Questions 548 Review Questions 552 Applying This Chapter 552 You Try It 553 References 554 Index 559

Notă biografică

David A. McEntire is a Professor in the Department of Emergency Services at Utah Valley University, where he previously served as Dean of the College of Health and Public Service. Dr.??McEntire has taught and written extensively on emergency management and is a recipient of the Blanchard Award for Academic Excellence in Emergency Management Higher Education.