Jason Maston reassesses the understanding of divine and human action in second temple Judaism. Sirach and the Hodayot are used to establish the diversity of opinions. The Apostle Paul is situated into this Jewish debate through an analysis of Rom 7-8. Jason Maston was born in 1978 and, in 2010, received his PhD from Durham University in England. He now lectures at Highland Theological College UHI in Dingwall, Scotland.