Internationally, documentation has gained importance in institutional contexts of early childhood during the last 20 years. This edited volume illuminates different practices and aspects of documentation in early childhood and provides theoretically informed analytical perspectives on documentation in childhood institutions. Whilst drawing on different national and early service contexts, the edited volume explores the ways in which documentation may be consequential in childhood and in the practices of early childhood professionals. The different chapters examine assessment and normativity in documentation, children’s participation in it, and the impact of documentation on professionalism. The edited volume is targeted to students, researchers and professionals in the field of education and social sciences.