This publication draws on an IAEA coordinated research project and provides recommendations specific to measurement and interpretation of radiation dose to children as a result of undergoing diagnostic radiological examinations. It includes dosimetry methodologies for general radiography, fluoroscopy and computer tomography for both phantom and patient measurements. Details are given on dose audit strategies that take into account the size of children and on how the results of such audits can be used to indicate or be related to diagnostic reference levels. The effects of radiation on non-adults are also reviewed, as are the factors involved in the management of pediatric dosage in the clinical setting.