To whom should waste management in African secondary cities be entrusted? The answer to this question has been the subject of many reflections often grouped under the expression of "disputed waste management" theories. In Burkina Faso, it remains at the heart of many technical and political debates. For some, effective management necessarily involves delegating the activity to private companies with appropriate and sufficient means to evacuate the enormous quantities of waste produced every day. For others, based on the ideals of poverty alleviation, the fight against youth unemployment, the empowerment of women, etc., waste management must be left to associations and NGOs which already occupy a large part of the sector's activities. This document, which draws on the experience of the NEERE project, shows that appropriate support for this type of organization is likely to have sufficient impact to initiate the emergence of an inclusive and circular green economy that can be sustainable. In this sense, this document is intended to be a reference for replication or scaling up of this type.