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Drug Stability for Pharmaceutical Scientists de Thorsteinn Loftsson

Drug Stability for Pharmaceutical Scientists

Autor Thorsteinn Loftsson
en Limba Engleză Paperback – 30 ian 2013
Drug Stability for Pharmaceutical Scientists is a clear and easy-to-follow guide on drug degradation in pharmaceutical formulation. This book features valuable content on both aqueous and solid drug solutions, the stability of proteins and peptides, acid-base catalyzed and solvent catalyzed reactions, how drug formulation can influence drug stability, the influence of external factors on reaction rates and much more. Full of examples of real-life formulation problems and step-by-step calculations, this book is the ideal resource for graduate students, as well as scientists in the pharmaceutical and related industries.


  • Illustrates important theoretical concepts with numerous examples, figures, calculations, learning problems and questions for self-study and retention of material
  • Provides answers and explanations to test your knowledge
  • Enables you to better understand key concepts such as rate and order of reaction, reaction equilibrium, complex reaction mechanisms and more
  • Includes an in-depth discussion of both aqueous and solid drug solutions and contains the latest international regulatory requirements on drug stability
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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9780124115484
ISBN-10: 0124115489
Pagini: 170
Ilustrații: 50 illustrations
Dimensiuni: 152 x 229 x 9 mm
Greutate: 0.24 kg
Editura: ELSEVIER SCIENCE

Public țintă

The book is intended for graduate students taking courses in physical pharmacy or drug stability as well as for pharmaceutical scientists in industry (drug formulators, drug registration etc.) and for individuals working in related fields (e.g. cosmetics).

Cuprins

I. Principles of drug degradation (the solution kinetics and mathematical treatment):1. Zero, first, second and third order reactions2. Complex reactions (e.g. reversible reactions, parallel reactions, consecutive reactions, steady state, enzyme kinetics etc.)3. Effect of temperature (e.g. Arrhenius, Q10-values, Collision theory, Transition state theory, Eyring equation etc.)4. Effect of pH (Specific acid/base catalysis, pH-rate profiles)5. Effect of buffer salts (General acid/base catalysis or buffer catalysis)6. Ionic strength7. Solvent effects (e.g. dielectric constant)8. Surface active compounds (micelle effect)9. Effect of complexation (e.g. cyclodextrins, metal ions and carbohydrates)10. Effect of light, oxygen and other catalytic compounds.II. Degradation pathwaysSelected examples of drug degradation with examples and mathematical calculations.1. Hydrolysis (aspirin, procaine, procainamide, acetaminophen, β-lactam antibiotics, nitrogen mustards etc.)2. Oxidation (morphine, epinephrine, vitamin C, vitamin A, hydrocortisone, polyunsaturated fatty acids (autoxidation) etc.; antioxidants)3. Isomerization and racemization (ephedrine, tetracyclines, pilocarpine, vitamin A, thalidomide, etc.)4. Photodegradation5. Polymerization (β-lactam antibiotics etc.)6. Decarboxylation and elimination (p-aminosalicylic acid)7. Dehydration (prostaglandins etc.)III. Drug degradation in semi-solid state1. Ointments2. Creams (o/w and w/o emulsions)3. GelsIV. Drug degradation in solid state1. Physical stability of drugs (crystallization of amorphous drugs, polymorph transitions, crystal growth, moisture absorption and vapor absorption, nitroglycerine)2. Chemical stability (hydrolysis (aspirin), etc.)V. Stability of peptide and proteinsVI. Stability testing1. Stability testing during preformulation studies.2. Stability testing of the final product 3. Regulations of stability testing (including ICH guidelines)Appendix

Recenzii

"…a good foundation in chemistry is assumed, making this text most useful for science graduate students and scientists in the pharmaceutical industry. Students or newcomers to the field of drug stability should find the ‘problem’ section useful, with questions and answers based on real data provided." --PharmaceuticalJournal.com, July 18, 2014
"…describes the stability of pharmaceutical products as the capacity of the product or a given drug substance to remain within established specifications of identity, potency, and purity during a specified time period…topics are principles of drug degradation, degradation pathways, drug degradation in semi-solid dosage forms…" --ProtoView.com, April 2014