The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries have witnessed important complex economic, social and political changes and transition recently. These changes resulted from not only social and political reasons called the Arab Spring but also economic reasons from the global economic crisis. External and internal dynamics of the MENA region force governments into an important transformation in terms of better democratic mechanisms, better governance and better social, political and economic environment. This book sheds light on the main economic, social and political problems and characteristics of MENA economies by considering the latest in the global and regional turmoil.