This book is about the allocation of natural and human resources in the agricultural sector of both developed, developing and transition economies. Extensive search for the sources of economic growth have lead economists to comprehend that sustainable growth requires efficient allocation of natural resources, complemented by high levels of human resources, such as knowledge, management and governance. This conception is particularly applicable in the context of agriculture productivity, which has been a major contributor to economic growth, world-wide. This is the theme of this book that brings together recent findings of leading international scholars of agricultural economics on the management of natural and human resources. It addresses a variety of problems that are related to the above issues and are common to many countries.