Adaptive management is the process of incorporating new scientific and programmatic information into the implementation of a project or plan to ensure that the goals of the activity are being reached efficiently. It promotes flexible decision-making to modify existing activities or create new activities if new circumstances arise or if projects are not meeting their goals. The complex and dynamic nature of ecosystems make their restoration and management amenable to an adaptive management approach, and the concept is being implemented at scales that include entire regions or river basins. This book provides an introduction to the concept of adaptive management and focuses on the application of this concept to large, freshwater aquatic ecosystem restoration projects with multiple stakeholders.