Monopolar transurethral resection still represents the standard endoscopic treatment approach in benign prostatic enlargement related to lower urinary tract obstruction. The method gained acknowledgement as a first choice therapeutic modality in medium size benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) treatment and the majority of clinical research regarded it as such. Endoscopic vaporization was introduced while trying to maintain therapeutic efficacy while reducing the peri- and post-operative morbidity, and it was easily adopted, as it required no special equipment or surgical skills. This book examines endoscopic vaporization in lower urinary tract pathology, from monopolar to plasma. The present publication follows the interest this treatment has gathered as well as the inevitable downfall when facing the test of time as well as the less flattering comparison to other methods.