Environmental Human Rights: New Thinking from Latin America and the Caribbean: Theory and Practice of Public International Law, cartea 7
Autor Mario G. Aguileraen Limba Engleză Hardback – 14 iun 2023
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Specificații
ISBN-13: 9789004543768
ISBN-10: 9004543767
Pagini: 403
Dimensiuni: 155 x 235 mm
Greutate: 0 kg
Editura: Brill
Colecția Brill | Nijhoff
Seria Theory and Practice of Public International Law
ISBN-10: 9004543767
Pagini: 403
Dimensiuni: 155 x 235 mm
Greutate: 0 kg
Editura: Brill
Colecția Brill | Nijhoff
Seria Theory and Practice of Public International Law
Notă biografică
Mario G. Aguilera, PhD (2021), University of Goettingen, is an international lawyer and a research partner at the Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology. He has worked for the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights and has published in the field of the law of human rights and the environment.
Cuprins
Foreword
Preface and Acknowledgements
List of Tables and Figures
Abbreviations
Table of Cases
Table of Legislation
Introduction
Part 1
The Inter-American Human Rights System
1The Inter-American Human Rights System in a Nutshell
1.1 Environmental Protection in Regional Human Rights Treaties
1.2 The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
1.3 The Inter-American Court of Human Rights
1.4 Interpretation Criteria
2Human Rights from an Environmental Perspective
2.1 Indigenous and Tribal Peoples
2.1.1Yakye Axa v. Paraguay
2.1.2Saramaka People v. Suriname
2.1.3Xákmok Kásek Indigenous Community v. Paraguay
2.1.4Kichwa Indigenous People of Sarayaku v. Ecuador
2.1.5Kaliña and Lokono Peoples v. Suriname
2.1.6Xucuru Indigenous People v. Brazil
2.2 Civil Society, Environmental Human Rights Defenders, and Collective Action
2.2.1Claude Reyes v. Chile: The Right to Access Environmental Information
2.2.2Human Rights Defenders in the Environmental Context
2.2.3Environmental Collective Action in a Democratic Society
2.3 Concluding Observations
2.3.1Convergence between Indigenous and Tribal Rights and Environmental Protection
2.3.1.1 Entry Point: The Right to Property
2.3.1.2 Link between Cultural Identity, Non-discrimination and Vulnerability
2.3.1.3 Territorial Rights: Tensions between Communities, Individuals, and States
2.3.1.4 Unpacking the Collective Dimension of Indigenous and Tribal Rights
2.3.1.4.1Recognition of Collective Rights Subjects
2.3.1.4.2Collective Rights to Public Participation and Consultation
2.3.1.5 Recognition of Collective Rights Subjects and Environmental Implications
2.3.2Environmental Protection and Democracy: Possibilities for Individual and Collective Action
3Recognition of the Right to a Healthy Environment and Its Implications
3.1 The Advisory Opinion oc-23/17 on the Environment and Human Rights
3.1.1Factual Context of the Advisory Opinion oc23/17
3.1.2Convergence of Human Rights, Environmental Protection, and Sustainable Development
3.1.2.1 Interpretation Criteria
3.1.2.2 Emergence of a Human Right to a Healthy Environment
3.1.2.2.1Reception under Article 26 of the achr
3.1.2.2.2Content of the Right to a Healthy Environment
3.1.2.3 Recognition of Specific Environmental Human Rights
3.1.2.4 Differentiated Treatment for Groups in Vulnerable Situations
3.1.3Responses to the Colombian Questions
3.1.3.1 Extraterritorial Application of Environmental Human Rights Obligations
3.1.3.2 Environmental Obligations Derived from the Rights to Life and to Personal Integrity
3.1.3.2.1Obligation of Prevention
3.1.3.2.2Precautionary Principle
3.1.3.2.3Obligation of Cooperation
3.1.3.2.4Procedural Obligations
3.1.3.2.5Specific Measures for Indigenous and Tribal Peoples
3.2 Lhaka Honhat Association (Our Land) v. Argentina
3.3 Concluding Observations
3.3.1Innovative Features
3.3.1.1 The Right to a Healthy Environment: Inter-temporal and Non-human Dimensions
3.3.1.2 Extraterritorial Jurisdiction and Diagonal Environmental Human Rights
3.3.2Lacunae
3.3.2.1 Specific Safeguards for Persons and Groups in Vulnerable Situations
3.3.2.2 Collective Action as a Tool for Strengthening Environmental Democracy
3.3.2.3 Business and Environmental Human Rights
3.3.2.4 Triggering Thresholds of Environmental Obligations
3.3.3Sustainable Development: The Concept Underpinning the Relationship between Human Rights and Environmental Protection
Conclusions to Part 1: Environmental Human Rights through Interpretation of Norms
Part 2
The Escazú Agreement
4The Escazú Agreement in Historical Perspective
4.1 The Overlapping Road to Rio +20 and to the Escazú Agreement
4.2 Preparatory Phase
4.3 Negotiation Phase
4.3.1‘Progressive’ and ‘Least Progressive’ Countries
4.3.2Negotiating Machinery
4.4 Significant Participation of the Public
4.5 Concluding Observations
5Structure of the Escazú Agreement
5.1 General Part
5.1.1Objectives and Purposes (Preamble and Article 1)
5.1.2Definitions (Article 2)
5.1.2.1 Access Rights
5.1.2.2 Environmental Information
5.1.2.3 Competent Authority (Public Authority, and Competent State Entities)
5.1.2.4 The Public
5.1.2.4.1Individual and Collective Rights Subjects
5.1.2.4.2The Nationality of the Rights Subjects
5.1.2.4.3Rights Subjects under the Jurisdiction of the State Party
5.1.2.4.4Rights Subjects in the Context of Transboundary Environmental Harm
5.1.2.5 Persons or Groups in Vulnerable Situations
5.1.3Guiding Principles (Article 3)
5.1.4General Provisions (Article 4)
5.2 The Five Pillars
5.2.1First Pillar: Access to Environmental Information (Articles 5 and 6)
5.2.1.1 Access to Environmental Information
5.2.1.2 Generation and Dissemination of Environmental Information
5.2.2Second Pillar: Public Participation in the Environmental Decision-Making Process (Article 7)
5.2.3Third Pillar: Access to Justice in Environmental Matters (Article 8)
5.2.4Fourth Pillar: Equality and Non-discrimination – Breaking Down Barriers for Persons and Groups in Vulnerable Situations
5.2.4.1 Obligations on Guidance and Assistance
5.2.4.2 Ethnic Groups, Indigenous Peoples, and Local Communities
5.2.4.3 Human Rights Defenders in Environmental Matters (Article 9)
5.2.5Fifth Pillar: Capacity-Building and Cooperation (Articles 10–14)
5.2.5.1 National Implementation, Capacity-Building, and Resources
5.2.5.2 Cooperation
5.2.5.3 Regional Clearing-House Mechanism
5.2.5.4 The Voluntary Fund
5.3 Institutional Architecture
5.3.1The Conference of the Parties (Articles 15 and 16)
5.3.1.1 Presiding Officers
5.3.1.2 Participation of the Public
5.3.1.3 Time and Place of Meetings
5.3.1.4 Decision-Making
5.3.1.5 Subsidiary Bodies
5.3.2Secretariat (Article 17)
5.3.3Committee to Support Implementation and Compliance (Article 18)
5.3.3.1 Composition and Structure
5.3.3.2 Mandate
5.3.3.3 Non-compliance Procedure
5.3.3.4 Measures
5.4 Final Clauses (Articles 19–26) and Annex 1
5.5 Concluding Observations
5.5.1Innovative Features
5.5.1.1 The First Regional Environmental Human Rights Treaty
5.5.1.2 Capacity-Building and Cooperation to Ensure the Progressive Implementation of the ea
5.5.1.3 Establishing Environmental Human Rights for the Most Vulnerable
5.5.2Lacunae
5.5.2.1 Lack of Definitions
5.5.2.2 Discriminatory Definition of the Public
5.5.2.3 Specific Safeguards for Indigenous and Tribal Peoples and Local Communities
5.5.2.4 Systematic and Inter-disciplinary Interpretation
Conclusions to Part 2: Environmental Human Rights through the Creation of Norms
Part 3
Stocktaking
6Regional Environmental Human Rights Law
6.1 ‘Democracy’ and ‘Sustainable Development’: The Concepts Underpinning the Regional Environmental Human Rights Framework
6.2 Observable Complementarities
6.3 Divergences and Possible Rapprochements
6.3.1Rights-Holders
6.3.2Non-human Dimension of the Right to a Healthy Environment
6.3.3Competing Jurisdictions
6.4 The Regional Environmental Human Rights Framework
6.5 The Incompleteness of Global Debates on Sustainable Development
Conclusion
Bibliography
Index
Preface and Acknowledgements
List of Tables and Figures
Abbreviations
Table of Cases
Table of Legislation
Introduction
Part 1
The Inter-American Human Rights System
1The Inter-American Human Rights System in a Nutshell
1.1 Environmental Protection in Regional Human Rights Treaties
1.2 The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
1.3 The Inter-American Court of Human Rights
1.4 Interpretation Criteria
2Human Rights from an Environmental Perspective
2.1 Indigenous and Tribal Peoples
2.1.1Yakye Axa v. Paraguay
2.1.2Saramaka People v. Suriname
2.1.3Xákmok Kásek Indigenous Community v. Paraguay
2.1.4Kichwa Indigenous People of Sarayaku v. Ecuador
2.1.5Kaliña and Lokono Peoples v. Suriname
2.1.6Xucuru Indigenous People v. Brazil
2.2 Civil Society, Environmental Human Rights Defenders, and Collective Action
2.2.1Claude Reyes v. Chile: The Right to Access Environmental Information
2.2.2Human Rights Defenders in the Environmental Context
2.2.3Environmental Collective Action in a Democratic Society
2.3 Concluding Observations
2.3.1Convergence between Indigenous and Tribal Rights and Environmental Protection
2.3.1.1 Entry Point: The Right to Property
2.3.1.2 Link between Cultural Identity, Non-discrimination and Vulnerability
2.3.1.3 Territorial Rights: Tensions between Communities, Individuals, and States
2.3.1.4 Unpacking the Collective Dimension of Indigenous and Tribal Rights
2.3.1.4.1Recognition of Collective Rights Subjects
2.3.1.4.2Collective Rights to Public Participation and Consultation
2.3.1.5 Recognition of Collective Rights Subjects and Environmental Implications
2.3.2Environmental Protection and Democracy: Possibilities for Individual and Collective Action
3Recognition of the Right to a Healthy Environment and Its Implications
3.1 The Advisory Opinion oc-23/17 on the Environment and Human Rights
3.1.1Factual Context of the Advisory Opinion oc23/17
3.1.2Convergence of Human Rights, Environmental Protection, and Sustainable Development
3.1.2.1 Interpretation Criteria
3.1.2.2 Emergence of a Human Right to a Healthy Environment
3.1.2.2.1Reception under Article 26 of the achr
3.1.2.2.2Content of the Right to a Healthy Environment
3.1.2.3 Recognition of Specific Environmental Human Rights
3.1.2.4 Differentiated Treatment for Groups in Vulnerable Situations
3.1.3Responses to the Colombian Questions
3.1.3.1 Extraterritorial Application of Environmental Human Rights Obligations
3.1.3.2 Environmental Obligations Derived from the Rights to Life and to Personal Integrity
3.1.3.2.1Obligation of Prevention
3.1.3.2.2Precautionary Principle
3.1.3.2.3Obligation of Cooperation
3.1.3.2.4Procedural Obligations
3.1.3.2.5Specific Measures for Indigenous and Tribal Peoples
3.2 Lhaka Honhat Association (Our Land) v. Argentina
3.3 Concluding Observations
3.3.1Innovative Features
3.3.1.1 The Right to a Healthy Environment: Inter-temporal and Non-human Dimensions
3.3.1.2 Extraterritorial Jurisdiction and Diagonal Environmental Human Rights
3.3.2Lacunae
3.3.2.1 Specific Safeguards for Persons and Groups in Vulnerable Situations
3.3.2.2 Collective Action as a Tool for Strengthening Environmental Democracy
3.3.2.3 Business and Environmental Human Rights
3.3.2.4 Triggering Thresholds of Environmental Obligations
3.3.3Sustainable Development: The Concept Underpinning the Relationship between Human Rights and Environmental Protection
Conclusions to Part 1: Environmental Human Rights through Interpretation of Norms
Part 2
The Escazú Agreement
4The Escazú Agreement in Historical Perspective
4.1 The Overlapping Road to Rio +20 and to the Escazú Agreement
4.2 Preparatory Phase
4.3 Negotiation Phase
4.3.1‘Progressive’ and ‘Least Progressive’ Countries
4.3.2Negotiating Machinery
4.4 Significant Participation of the Public
4.5 Concluding Observations
5Structure of the Escazú Agreement
5.1 General Part
5.1.1Objectives and Purposes (Preamble and Article 1)
5.1.2Definitions (Article 2)
5.1.2.1 Access Rights
5.1.2.2 Environmental Information
5.1.2.3 Competent Authority (Public Authority, and Competent State Entities)
5.1.2.4 The Public
5.1.2.4.1Individual and Collective Rights Subjects
5.1.2.4.2The Nationality of the Rights Subjects
5.1.2.4.3Rights Subjects under the Jurisdiction of the State Party
5.1.2.4.4Rights Subjects in the Context of Transboundary Environmental Harm
5.1.2.5 Persons or Groups in Vulnerable Situations
5.1.3Guiding Principles (Article 3)
5.1.4General Provisions (Article 4)
5.2 The Five Pillars
5.2.1First Pillar: Access to Environmental Information (Articles 5 and 6)
5.2.1.1 Access to Environmental Information
5.2.1.2 Generation and Dissemination of Environmental Information
5.2.2Second Pillar: Public Participation in the Environmental Decision-Making Process (Article 7)
5.2.3Third Pillar: Access to Justice in Environmental Matters (Article 8)
5.2.4Fourth Pillar: Equality and Non-discrimination – Breaking Down Barriers for Persons and Groups in Vulnerable Situations
5.2.4.1 Obligations on Guidance and Assistance
5.2.4.2 Ethnic Groups, Indigenous Peoples, and Local Communities
5.2.4.3 Human Rights Defenders in Environmental Matters (Article 9)
5.2.5Fifth Pillar: Capacity-Building and Cooperation (Articles 10–14)
5.2.5.1 National Implementation, Capacity-Building, and Resources
5.2.5.2 Cooperation
5.2.5.3 Regional Clearing-House Mechanism
5.2.5.4 The Voluntary Fund
5.3 Institutional Architecture
5.3.1The Conference of the Parties (Articles 15 and 16)
5.3.1.1 Presiding Officers
5.3.1.2 Participation of the Public
5.3.1.3 Time and Place of Meetings
5.3.1.4 Decision-Making
5.3.1.5 Subsidiary Bodies
5.3.2Secretariat (Article 17)
5.3.3Committee to Support Implementation and Compliance (Article 18)
5.3.3.1 Composition and Structure
5.3.3.2 Mandate
5.3.3.3 Non-compliance Procedure
5.3.3.4 Measures
5.4 Final Clauses (Articles 19–26) and Annex 1
5.5 Concluding Observations
5.5.1Innovative Features
5.5.1.1 The First Regional Environmental Human Rights Treaty
5.5.1.2 Capacity-Building and Cooperation to Ensure the Progressive Implementation of the ea
5.5.1.3 Establishing Environmental Human Rights for the Most Vulnerable
5.5.2Lacunae
5.5.2.1 Lack of Definitions
5.5.2.2 Discriminatory Definition of the Public
5.5.2.3 Specific Safeguards for Indigenous and Tribal Peoples and Local Communities
5.5.2.4 Systematic and Inter-disciplinary Interpretation
Conclusions to Part 2: Environmental Human Rights through the Creation of Norms
Part 3
Stocktaking
6Regional Environmental Human Rights Law
6.1 ‘Democracy’ and ‘Sustainable Development’: The Concepts Underpinning the Regional Environmental Human Rights Framework
6.2 Observable Complementarities
6.3 Divergences and Possible Rapprochements
6.3.1Rights-Holders
6.3.2Non-human Dimension of the Right to a Healthy Environment
6.3.3Competing Jurisdictions
6.4 The Regional Environmental Human Rights Framework
6.5 The Incompleteness of Global Debates on Sustainable Development
Conclusion
Bibliography
Index