Women compared to men have different health needs: reproductive health, domestic violence, health beliefs, and health behaviour are not the same across both genders. Does this imply that women are disadvantaged in access to health care and health promotion? How could inequities be reduced and gender based health services be installed?The book tries to answer these questions inquiring gender-inequities in health from different scientific perspectives, including epidemiology, social sciences, health policy, and health services research. A gender and diversity based framework for research is presented. The authors also look at special target groups: Are migrant and socially deprived women, and women who went through domestic violence disadvantaged regarding access to health, health care and health promotion? The situation of women across European countries is the main focus of the book. The articles are written by authors from seven countries: from East and West Europe, Canada and Israel. The book provides valuable information for all who work in policy and research in women's health, and who want to put equity and fairness in health into action.