The focus of art historians' attention is rarely on European portrait miniatures of the 17th to 20th centuries, but this book illuminates them from various viewpoints through a series of essays by 19 internationally recognized specialists. This volume brings together studies of the many and varied uses of miniature portraits, their functions in both private and public life, and significant yet little-known collections, along with various artists and special production techniques. The book documents the results of a conference organized by the Tansey Miniatures Foundation in Celle, Germany, in January 2013.