This end-of-study theoretical reflection, originally presented as part of an internship report, is set in the Czech Republic. It describes the evolution of the notion of historical heritage in this country. Unlike France, where the principle of the historic monument was enshrined in law as early as 1913, it has taken longer to develop the concept of historical heritage. This article looks at the Czech notion of historical heritage and its evolution in a turbulent institutional context, from the proclamation of the Austro-Hungarian Empire to the present day. Finally, the author raises the question of the future economic, technological and social implications of heritage valorization.