The FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 directed the Comptroller General of the United States to conduct a study on the effectiveness of the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) oversight of the use of new technologies to prevent or mitigate the effects of dense, continuous smoke in the cockpit of commercial aircraft. FAA oversees these procedures and technologies as part of its mission to provide the safest, most efficient aerospace system. In the initial phase of our research, we determined that there was only one technology that was developed to specifically target dense, continuous smoke in the cockpit and that this type of event occurred so infrequently that it was not practical for us to evaluate the effectiveness of FAA's oversight. However, we were able to identify relevant procedures that are more broadly targeted-for instance, at smoke, fire, or fume events. Consistent with the mandate, we gathered stakeholders' views regarding the effectiveness of FAA's oversight of these procedures and the technologies related to preventing or mitigating the effects of dense, continuous smoke in the cockpit.