The main objective of this study was to analyze the incidence and factors associated with precursor lesions and cancer in polypes of endometrium of women submitted to polypectomy. It is a retrospective cross-sectional study of a descriptive and quantitative nature, performed in a reference teaching hospital. The population studied was composed of 186 women. The associations of interest were verified using the chi-square test, adopting the level of significance. There were significant associations between post-menopausal bleeding and hypertension, diabetes, obesity and hypothyroidism. In relation to malignancy, a 5.4 times higher chance was found for women with infertility. However, the size of polyps larger than 2 cm was associated with benign biopsies. Although risk factors for malignancy were more present in postmenopausal women, in this study there was a higher prevalence and incidence of endometrial polyps in menacme and premenopause. Additionally, the symptom of postmenopausal bleeding was indicative of endometrial polyps and presented a greater chance of appearance in hypertensive, diabetic, obese and hypothyroidism patients.