Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide and the primary cause of death in sub-Saharan Africa. It has claimed the lives of millions and has left behind hundreds of thousands of orphans in Ethiopia. Highly active antiretroviral therapy was the breakthrough in care and treatment of people living with HIV, leading to a reduction in mortality and an improvement in the quality of life. But mortality has been prominent in a number of HIV treatment programs, often due to patients presenting late for care with already advanced disease. This book focused at exploring the extent of HIV infected patients' delayed presentation to HIV care and factors associated with late presentation to care. It revealed that almost three fourth of patients present to HIV care late in the course of the disease after they are eligible to start ART. This book there fore, will be a valauable resource for HIV/Program managers, implementers and health professionals working in Sub-Saharan Africa for who strive for their respective program Effectiveness.