Considering that health is a fundamental right, indispensable for the exercise of other human rights, and Considering that everyone has the right to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health conducive to living in human dignity Certainly, the realization of the right to health can be achieved through many complementary approaches, including the formulation of health policies or the implementation of health programmes as elaborated by the World Health Organization (WHO), or the adoption of specific legal instruments in this regard.Furthermore, the right to health includes certain elements whose respect is guaranteed by law.1 In this work, we addressed many of the issues related to the respect of the right to health of prisoners at Bukavu Central Prison, including whether the essential conditions for the protection of prisoners' health are respected there. In addition, we asked ourselves whether there are any protective mechanisms provided by the Congolese State to improve the prison conditions of the inmates at the prison.